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Emerging treatmentsMyelin repair
Results from peopleCompletedNo clear effect found

Phase 2

ReWRAP: Phase 2 found no statistically significant improvement in the study's measures of myelin repair

Worth knowing

In ReWRAP, bazedoxifene was generally well tolerated. However, it did not show a clear improvement in either the main MRI measure of myelin or the study's other measures of whether the treatment worked.

What this means for people with MS

Another drug with strong results in laboratory and animal research did not show a clear sign of myelin repair in people in Phase 2.

What kind of evidence exists?
ACTRIMS 2026 • completed study with participants assigned at random
How reliable is this source?
High • completed trial registry plus ACTRIMS presentation
ClinicalTrials.govRead the source ↗

Related substantive developments

Myelin repair
Laboratory or animal researchLaboratory or animal programmePromising early finding

Laboratory and animal research

Blocking fibronectin restored remyelination in experimental models

A PNAS study found that a protein called fibronectin can build up in areas where myelin has been lost. This may trap immature cells that could otherwise become myelin-making cells. Blocking fibronectin improved myelin repair and symptoms in two animal models.

Emerging treatmentsMyelin repair
Registered study in peopleOngoing, but not accepting participantsNo evidence of benefit in people yet

Phase 3 study that can add or remove treatments

OCTOPUS: the first review of metformin and alpha-lipoic acid is planned for September 2026

The first OCTOPUS review in progressive MS will assess metformin and alpha-lipoic acid. It will look at brain shrinkage on MRI, disability, walking speed and hand function.